Which of the following best describes a resident's right to privacy?

The correct choice emphasizes that individuals have the right to control their personal health information by requiring that consent be obtained before it is shared. This is particularly important in healthcare settings, where privacy is protected by laws such as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), which mandates the confidentiality of a patient’s medical records and personal health information.

Consent prior to sharing information ensures that residents are aware of who has access to their health details and under what circumstances they might be disclosed. This right to consent serves to empower residents, allowing them to make informed decisions regarding their own personal and health information. This approach fosters trust in the healthcare provider-resident relationship and encourages open communication about health concerns.

The other options do not accurately reflect the resident's right to privacy. For instance, refusing care does not inherently relate to privacy rights, nor does freely sharing health information align with the principles of confidentiality. Additionally, unrestricted access to personal files by all personnel undermines the fundamental right to privacy, as it does not protect sensitive information from being viewed by those who do not need to be involved in the resident’s care.