What is a sign of the onset of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when the body starts breaking down fats at an excessive rate, leading to the production of ketones. These ketones can accumulate in the blood, causing a state of acidosis. One of the hallmark signs of DKA is the presence of sweet-smelling breath, often described as fruity or similar to the smell of acetone (the substance found in nail polish remover).

The reason the breath smells sweet is due to the accumulation of acetone, a type of ketone that is produced during fat breakdown. This distinctive odor is a key clinical indicator that healthcare providers look for when diagnosing DKA, alongside other symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, and abdominal pain. Recognizing this sign is crucial for timely intervention, as DKA can quickly become life-threatening if not addressed.

Other options describe different types of breath odors that are not typically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis and may indicate other health issues, but they do not reflect the metabolic changes that occur during DKA as accurately as the sweet-smelling breath does.